Why We Live in Hierarchies?

Introduction.- General considerations.- Motivation.- Hierarchical structures in space and in networks.- Definitions and Basic Concepts.- Describing hierarchical structures.- Visualization techniques.- Observations and measurements.- Animal groups.- Hierarchy in Humans.- Experiments on the emergence and function.- The Liskaland camp experiment.- Picturask.- Modelling emergence and control.- Emergence of hierarchy in model systems.- The complex efficiency landscape of hierarchical organizations.- Controlling hierarchical networks.- Conclusions.- General features of hierarchical structures.- Origins of flow hierarchy.- Emergence of hierarchy.

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• Matemática aplicada
• Física Matemática
• Cibernética e teoria dos sistemas
• Física estatística
• Impacto da ciência e da tecnologia na sociedade

Directed Networks;Dominance Hierarchies;Embedded Flow;Emergence of Structures;Global Reaching Centrality;Hierarchical Networks;Hierarchical Organization;Knowledge Based Hierarchies;Leadership-followership Network;Optimization of Performance;Hierarchical structures;Collective decision-making;Liska model;Emergence of hierarchy;Switchboard dynamics;Flow hierarchy;Dominance relations;complexity