Ground Engineering - Principles and Practices for Underground Coal Mining

Ground Engineering - Principles and Practices for Underground Coal Mining

Galvin, J.M.

Springer International Publishing AG

03/2018

684

Mole

Inglês

9783319797199

15 a 20 dias

1802

Descrição não disponível.


1. SCOPE OF GROUND ENGINEERING

1.1. What is Ground Engineering

1.2. Peculiarities of Ground Engineering

1.3. State of the Art

1.4. Risk Management

1.5. The Impact of Risk Management and Technology



2. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES FOR GROUND ENGINEERING

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Characteristics of Underground Coal Mining

2.2.1. Geological Setting

2.2.2. Mine Access

2.2.3. Mine Roadways

2.2.4. Mining Methods

2.3. Rock Mass Fabric

2.4. Physical Parameters

2.5. Material Properties

2.5.1. Load-Displacement

2.5.2. Stress-Strain

2.5.3. Stiffness

2.5.4. Strength

2.5.5. Stored Energy and Seismicity

2.5.6. Poisson's Effect

2.5.7. Cohesion and Friction on a Fracture Surface

2.5.8. Post-peak Strength Behaviour

2.6. Rock Mechanics

2.6.1. Specifying Stresses within Rock

2.6.2. Strength of Rock

2.6.3. Equivalent Modulus of Strata

2.6.4. Failure Criteria

2.6.5. Effective Stress

2.6.6. Primitive, Induced, Resultant and Field Stress

2.6.7. Field Stress in Coal

2.6.8. Field Shear Strength

2.6.9. Reduction in Confinement

2.6.10. Rock Mass Classification Systems

2.6.11. Failure Mode

2.6.12. Ground Response Curve

2.7. Analysis Techniques

2.7.1. Empirical Methods

2.7.2. Analytical Meth





























ods

2.7.













3. Numerical Methods

2.7.4. Safety Factor

2.7.5. Statistical and Probabilistic Analysis

2.8. Statics

2.8.1. Introduction

2.8.2. Basic Definitions and Principles

2.8.3. Transversely Loaded Beams

2.8.4. Axially Loaded Columns

2.8.5. Eccentrically Loaded Columns

2.8.6. Beam-Columns Subjected to Simultaneous Axial and Transverse Loading

2.8.7. Thin Plate Subjected to Axial and Transverse Load

2.8.8. Linear Arch Theory

2.8.9. Classical Beam Theory Applications in Ground Engineering



3. EXCAVATION MECHANICS

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Excavation Response

3.3. Caving Mechanics

3.3.1. Basic Principles

3.3.2. Strong Massive Strata

3.3.3. Span Design

3.4. Elevated Horizontal Stress

3.5. Shallow Mining

3.5.1. Principles

3.5.2. Practice



4. PILLAR SYSTEMS

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Functional, Risk Based Approach To Pillar Design

4.3. Pillar Working Stress

4.3.1. Pillar System Stiffness

4.3.2. Regular Bord and Pillar Layouts

4.3.3. Irregular Bord and Pillar Layouts

4.4. Pillar System Strength

4.4.1. Defining Pillar Strength and Failure

4.4.2. Geological Factors

4.4.3. Geometri

c Facto

rs


4.4.4.

Scale F

actors





4.4.5.

Determi

ning

Pillar

Streng

th

4





.5. Quantifying Desig

n Risk





4.5.1.

Probabi

listic

Stability

Prediction

4.5.2. Probabilistic Design

4.5.3. Summary Points

4.6. Pillar Failure Modes

4.6.1. Types

4.6.2. Conventional Failure Mode

4.6.3. Dynamic Confined Core Failure

4.7. The Complexity of Pillar Behaviour

4.8. Pillar Design Considerations

4.8.1. Empirical Data Regime

4.8.2. Stiff Superincumbent Strata

4.8.3. Behaviour

4.8.4. Seam Specific Strength

4.8.5. Ground Response Curve

4.8.6. Correlations Between Safety Factor and Performance Probability

4.8.7. UNSW Pillar Design Methodology

4.8.8. Diamond Shaped Pillars

4.8.9. Irregular Pillar Shapes

4.8.10. Highwall Mining



5. INTERACTION BETWEEN WORKINGS

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Workings in the Same Seam

5.2.1. Framework

5.2.2. Pillar Systems

5.2.3. Roadways

5.2.4. Panels

5.2.5. Interaction Between Roadways and Excavations

5.3. Multiseam Workings

5.3.1. Framework

5.3.2. Pillar Systems

5.3.3. Extraction Panels



6. SUPPORT AND REINFORCEMENT SYSTEMS

6.1. Introduction

6.2.

Primary Chara

cteristics

6.3. Stand

ing Support

6.3.1. Pr

ops

6.3

.2. Timber Cho

cks

6.3.3. Cement

itious Chocks

6.3.4. Steel Arches and Sets

6.3.

5. Pillars

6.4. Tend

on Support and

Reinforcement



6.4.1.

Scope



6.4.2. Functio

ns of Tendons

6.

4.3. Anchorage of Tendons <6.4.4. Practical Considerations

6.5. Surface Restraint Systems

6.5.1. Scope

6.5.2. Cross Supports

6.5.3. Screens

6.5.4. Membranes and Liners

6.6. Spiling

6.7. Strata Binders

6.8. Void Fillers



7. GROUND SUPPORT DESIGN

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Roof Control

7.2.1. Failure Modes

7.2.2. Generic Design Approaches

7.3. Theoretical Roof Support Design Aspects

7.3.1. Classical Beam Theory

7.3.2. Contribution of Long Central Tendons

7.3.3. UCS - E Correlations

7.3.4. Rock Mass Classification Systems

7.3.5. Reinforcement Density Indices

7.3.6. Numerical Modelling

7.4. Summary Conclusions

7.5. Operational Roof Support Design Aspects

7.5.1. Roadway Span

7.5.2. Timing of Installation

7.5.3. Role and Timing of Centre Tendons

7.5.4. Effectiveness of Pretension

7.5.5. Stress Relief

7.5.6. Coal Roof
7.5.7. Floor

7.5.8. Monitoring at Height

7.5.

9. Mining Through Cro

ss Measures

7.6. Rib Control



7.6.1.

Introduction



7.6.2. Risk Profile

7.6.3. Rib Comp



osition

7.6.4.



Rib Behaviour

7.6.5. Design Consid

erations

7.6.6. Suppor

t Hardware Considerations

7.6.7. Op

erational Considerati

ons

7.6.8. Sum

mary Conclusions



8. PILL

AR EXTRACTION

8.1. Introduction

8

.2. Attributes of Pillar Extraction

8.3. Basic Pillar Extraction Techniques

8.3.1. Design and Support Terminology

8.3.2. Total Extraction Methods

8.3.3. Partial Extraction Methods

8.4. Ground Control Considerations

8.4.1. Introduction

8.4.2. Regional Stability

8.4.3. Panel Stability

8.4.4. Workplace Stability

8.5. Operating Discipline



9. LONGWALL MINING

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Panel Layout

9.2.1. Basic Longwall Mining Methods

9.2.2. Gateroad Direction and Layout

9.2.3. Chain Pillar Life Cycle

9.2.4. Chain Pillar Design

9.2.5. Chain Pillar/Gateroad Behaviour

9.3. Longwall Powered Supports

9.3.1. Development

9.3.2. Basic Functions

9.3.3. Static and Kinematic Characteristics

9.4. Operational Variables
9.4.1. Cutting Technique and Support Configuration

9.4.2. Powered Support System Maintenanc

e

9.4.3. Face Operati

ng Practices

9.5. Longwall Face Str

ata Control

9.

5.1. Introduction

9.5

.2. Coal Face

9

.5.3. Floor

9.5.4. Im

medi

ate and Upper Roof Strata

9.6. Installation Roadways

9.7. Pre-driven R

oadways Within A Longwall Block



9.7.1. Generic Types and Mining Practices



9.7.2. Pre-Driven Longwall R

ecovery Roadways

9.8.

Longwall Face Recove

ry

9.9. Other Longwal

l Variants
9.9.1.

Longwall Top Coal Caving

9.9.

2. Miniwall



10. OVERBURDEN SUBSIDENCE

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Generic Behaviours

10.3. Sub-Surface Subsidence

10.3.1. Fundamentals

10.3.2. Subsurface Effects

10.3.3. Impacts

10.4. Surface Subsidence

10.4.1. Introduction

10.4.2. Sinkhole and Plug Subsidence

10.4.3. Classical Subsidence Behaviour

10.4.4. Site-Centric Subsidence

10.4.5. Prediction of Classical Surface Subsidence

10.4.6. Prediction of Site-centric Subsidence

10.4.7. Surface Subsidence Impacts

10.4.8. Mitigation and Remediation



11. OPERATIONAL HAZARDS

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Windblast

11.2.1. Introduction

11.2.2. Behaviour Features

11.2.3. Risk Management of Windblasts
11.3. Feather Edging

11.4. Top Coaling an

d Bottom Coaling

11.5. Dippi

ng Workings

11.6. Inrush

11.6.1. Def

inition

11.6.2. Criti

cal Factors and Considerations

11.7. Flooded Workings

11.8. Bumps and Pressure Bur

sts

11.8.1

. Definitio

ns

11.8.2. Pressure Burst Failure Mechanisms

11.8.3. Sei

smic Events Associated with Rock Failure

11.8.4. Seismic Events Associated with Discontinuities



11.8.5. Risk Management of Pressure

Bursts

11.9. Gas Outbursts



11.9.1. Definition

11.9.2. Behaviour Features

11.9.3. Risk Management

of Outbursts

11.10. Mining Through Faults a

nd Dykes

11.11. Frictional Ignition Involving Rock

11.12. Backfilling of Bord and Pillar Workings

11.13. Roof Falls

11.13.1. Effect on Pillar Strength

11.13.2. Roof Fall Recovery

11.14. Experimental Panels

11.15. Alternative Rock Bolt Applications

11.16. Convergence Zones and Paleochannels



12. MANAGING RISK IN GROUND ENGINEERING

12.1. Introduction

12.2. Ground Control Management Plan

12.2.1. Basis for a Ground Control Management Plan

12.2.2. Structure of a Ground Control Management Plan

12.2.3. Competencies

12.3. Risk Analysis Foundations

12.4. Types of Risk Assessment

12.5. Risk Assessment Process

12.5.1. Context

12.5.2. Team Comp

osition <12.5.3. Controls

12.5.4. O

ther Process Co

nsiderations

12.6. Implementation

12.6.1. Hazard Plans

1

2.6.2. Trigger Action Response Plan

s

12.6.3. Review

<12.6.4. Change Management



12.6.5. O

ther Implementation Considerations





12.6.6. Determining Acceptable Levels of Risk

12.6.7. Reviewing

A Risk Assessment

12.7. Moni

toring

12.7.1. Purpose

12.7.2. Monitoring Strategy

12.7.3. Sens

ory Monitoring

12.7.4. Monitoring w

ith Instrumentation

12.7.5. Displac

ement Monitoring Instrumenta

tion

12.7.6. Stress Monitori

ng Instrumentation

12.7.7. O

ther Instrumentation

12.7.8. Field Monitoring Prac

tices

12.8. Concluding Remarks



GLOSSARY OF TERMS



GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS



SYMBOLS IN METRIC SYSTEM

Appendices
Este título pertence ao(s) assunto(s) indicados(s). Para ver outros títulos clique no assunto desejado.
Geotechnical Risk Management;Ground Control;Ground Engineering;Ground Support and Reinforcement;Underground Coal Mining;mineral resources